！！无需提取VBIOS步骤
DELL 7050 MFF: i3 7100 / 16G / 512G NVME
自备软件，只要是5.13内核，7.1 / 7.2 / 7.3都通过测试，5.15 / 5.19内核无法输出显示
proxmox-ve_7.1-2.iso
virtio-win-0.1.225-2.iso
#删除企业源和中文社区源
root@pve:~#rm -rf /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pve-enterprise.list
#下载秘钥
wget http://download.proxmox.com/debian/proxmox-release-bullseye.gpg -O /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/proxmox-release-bullseye.gpg
#修改为阿里云源
cat >/etc/apt/sources.list<<'EOF' deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib EOF
更新升级最新包
apt-get update && apt-get dist-upgrade -y
硬件直通相关
#修改grub文件，注释备份原纪录 vi /etc/default/grub #GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet" #1.直通SATA控制器&USB或其他直通（开启iommu硬件分组）： #intel平台 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet intel_iommu=on" #amd CPU平台 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet amd_iommu=on" #2.直通显卡输出显示 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet intel_iommu=on iommu=pt video=efifb:off,vesafb:off"
添加驱动黑名单，禁止PVE使用核显功能
echo "blacklist snd_hda_intel blacklist snd_hda_codec_hdmi blacklist i915" >> /etc/modprobe.d/pve-blacklist.conf
#提取显卡id添加到直通组
lspci -nn 00:00.0 Host bridge [0600]: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v6/7th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers [8086:590f] (rev 06) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation HD Graphics 630 [8086:5912] (rev 04) 00:14.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation 200 Series/Z370 Chipset Family USB 3.0 xHCI Controller [8086:a2af] 00:14.2 Signal processing controller [1180]: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH Thermal Subsystem [8086:a2b1] 00:15.0 Signal processing controller [1180]: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH Serial IO I2C Controller #0 [8086:a2e0] 00:16.0 Communication controller [0780]: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH CSME HECI #1 [8086:a2ba] 00:17.0 SATA controller [0106]: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH SATA controller [AHCI mode] [8086:a282] 00:1b.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #17 [8086:a2e7] (rev f0) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge [0601]: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH LPC Controller (Q270) [8086:a2c6] 00:1f.2 Memory controller [0580]: Intel Corporation 200 Series/Z370 Chipset Family Power Management Controller [8086:a2a1] 00:1f.3 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH HD Audio [8086:a2f0] 00:1f.4 SMBus [0c05]: Intel Corporation 200 Series/Z370 Chipset Family SMBus Controller [8086:a2a3] 00:1f.6 Ethernet controller [0200]: Intel Corporation Ethernet Connection (5) I219-LM [8086:15e3] 01:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller [0108]: Sandisk Corp Device [15b7:5019] (rev 01) #核显路径通常都是00:02.0 lspci -n -s 00:02.0 00:02.0 0300: 8086:5912 (rev 04) #提取到的id为8086:5912 echo "options vfio-pci ids=8086:5912" > /etc/modprobe.d/vfio.conf
#加载相应的内核模块
echo vfio >> /etc/modules echo vfio_iommu_type1 >> /etc/modules echo vfio_pci >> /etc/modules echo vfio_virqfd >> /etc/modules
最后把上述的工作全部更新并重启
update-grub && update-initramfs -u && reboot
#检查模块是否正常加载
lsmod | grep vfio vfio_pci 57344 2 vfio_virqfd 16384 1 vfio_pci irqbypass 16384 12 vfio_pci,kvm vfio_iommu_type1 40960 1 vfio 36864 7 vfio_iommu_type1,vfio_pci
创建Win VM过程使用i440fx机型，硬盘建议使用SATA启用SSD或者VirtIO Block，另外自行直通USB键鼠用于输出显示进行系统安装
手工进入修改VM的配置文件，100是VM的ID号
vi /etc/pve/nodes/pve/qemu-server/100.conf
核显输出显示关键是是1、3行，其余保留默认：
args: -set device.hostpci0.x-igd-gms=1 cpu: host hostpci0: 0000:00:02.0,legacy-igd=1 vga: none
自行上传系统Win的ISO进行挂载，启动VM进行系统安装
macOS Monterey 部分待补充